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What Is an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test?

 

 An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test is a crucial diagnostic tool used to evaluate how well your lungs and kidneys are functioning to maintain the body’s acid-base balance. This blood test measures the levels of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), blood pH, and bicarbonate (HCO₃) in arterial blood, offering vital information about your respiratory and metabolic health.

Why Is an ABG Test Performed?

      Doctors often recommend an ABG test when patients show signs of:

  • Breathing problems
  • Chronic lung diseases like COPD or asthma
  • Kidney disorders
  • Metabolic imbalances
  • Suspected respiratory failure

       It is commonly used in emergency rooms and intensive care units (ICUs), especially for patients who are on ventilators or experiencing life-threatening conditions.

What Does an ABG Test Measure?

Blood pH

Indicates if your blood is too acidic or alkaline (normal range: 7.35–7.45)

PaO₂ (partial pressure of oxygen)

Measures oxygen levels in the blood (normal range: 75–100 mmHg)

PaCO₂ (partial pressure of carbon dioxide)

Assesses how well CO₂ is removed by the lungs (normal range: 35–45 mmHg)

O₂ Saturation (SaO₂)

Shows how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin (normal range: 95–100%)

HCO₃ (bicarbonate)

Reflects the metabolic component of acid-base balance (normal range: 22–28 mEq/L)

What Should you get a ABG Test ?

Respiratory Diseases

Diagnosing lung and respiratory diseases

pH Balance Issues

Evaluating acid-base imbalances in the body

Chronic conditions

Monitoring chronic conditions like emphysema or heart failure

Tracking treatment

Tracking treatment effectiveness in critically ill patients

Want to Consult a Doctor Before Your ABG Test?

If you’re unsure whether an ABG test is necessary, consult a pulmonologist or critical care specialist for expert advice.

Why Consult a Doctor?
✔️ Get accurate diagnosis for respiratory distress, kidney issues, or metabolic imbalances
✔️ Understand if additional tests like Spirometry or DLCO Test are needed
✔️ Receive expert treatment recommendations based on test results

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How to Prepare for a ABG Test?

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