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What Is an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test?
An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test is a crucial diagnostic tool used to evaluate how well your lungs and kidneys are functioning to maintain the body’s acid-base balance. This blood test measures the levels of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), blood pH, and bicarbonate (HCO₃) in arterial blood, offering vital information about your respiratory and metabolic health.
Why Is an ABG Test Performed?
Doctors often recommend an ABG test when patients show signs of:
- Breathing problems
- Chronic lung diseases like COPD or asthma
- Kidney disorders
- Metabolic imbalances
- Suspected respiratory failure
It is commonly used in emergency rooms and intensive care units (ICUs), especially for patients who are on ventilators or experiencing life-threatening conditions.
Other PFT Tests
What Does an ABG Test Measure?

Blood pH
Indicates if your blood is too acidic or alkaline (normal range: 7.35–7.45)

PaO₂ (partial pressure of oxygen)
Measures oxygen levels in the blood (normal range: 75–100 mmHg)

PaCO₂ (partial pressure of carbon dioxide)
Assesses how well CO₂ is removed by the lungs (normal range: 35–45 mmHg)

O₂ Saturation (SaO₂)
Shows how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin (normal range: 95–100%)

HCO₃ (bicarbonate)
Reflects the metabolic component of acid-base balance (normal range: 22–28 mEq/L)
What Should you get a ABG Test ?

Respiratory Diseases
Diagnosing lung and respiratory diseases

pH Balance Issues
Evaluating acid-base imbalances in the body

Chronic conditions
Monitoring chronic conditions like emphysema or heart failure

Tracking treatment
Tracking treatment effectiveness in critically ill patients
Want to Consult a Doctor Before Your ABG Test?
If you’re unsure whether an ABG test is necessary, consult a pulmonologist or critical care specialist for expert advice.
Why Consult a Doctor?
✔️ Get accurate diagnosis for respiratory distress, kidney issues, or metabolic imbalances
✔️ Understand if additional tests like Spirometry or DLCO Test are needed
✔️ Receive expert treatment recommendations based on test results
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How to Prepare for a ABG Test?
- No fasting required – The test can be performed anytime
- Avoid smoking before the test – Nicotine affects oxygen levels
- Stay relaxed during the test – Anxiety can impact breathing patterns
- Inform your doctor about any medications or oxygen therapy you’re using
- If on oxygen support, you may be asked to remove it briefly before the test
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